Ac Conductivity Research Articles

Preparation and opto-electrical characterization of poly(ethylene oxide) based polymer blends for electrochemical applications

Solid polymer electrolyte blends with varied compositions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) in 10/90, 50/50, and 90/10 compositions have been successfully prepared by means of the solution cast technique at room temperature. The modification of the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the prepared blend samples was studied by employing XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, and electrical impedance spectroscopy methods. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the crystalline nature gradually transforms into amorphous as the Na-CMC content increases in the sample. The variation of bands noticed in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscope characteristic spectrum of the blends reveals the formation of complexes between the individual polymers. The analysis of optical properties using a UV-Vis spectrometer in the wavelength range of 900–1100nm, shows a gradual decrease in the optical indirect energy band gap with an increase in Na-CMC content in the blend. The study of the electrical properties of the blend carried out in the frequency range 50 Hz–1MHz and temperature range 303K–338K, using an electrical impedance analyzer reveals that, the dielectric constant and loss decrease with the rise in frequency, exhibiting the usual behavior of the polymers. AC conductivity is found to increase with an increase in temperature. The highest value of ionic conductivity is found to be 6.06 × 10−3Scm−1 for the blend with a 10/90 composition.

Investigation of the relationship between morphology-electrical transport phenomena in iron-doped quaternary glass nanocomposite

The Fe doped nano nanocomposite glassy system xFe·(1-x)·(0.3 V2O5·0.2MoO3·0.4CdO·0.1ZnO) (x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) has been studied by different techniques. Lattice strain (ɛ) increases with increasing iron (x) content in the glass system, which facilitates the enhancement of electrical phenomena such as transport using the polaron hopping mechanism. The AC conductivity spectra at different temperatures have been computed using Almond–West formalism and a modified correlated barrier hopping model. AC, as well as DC conductivity, have increased with increasing Fe content in compositions. The DC activation energies are found to be 0.53, 0.48, and 0.44 eV for the values of x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 respectively. Both DC activation energy (Eσ) and activation energy (EH) for hopping frequency have decreased with Fe content. AC conductivity scaling data has explored that the common electrical relaxation mechanism is temperature-independent as well as composition-dependent.

Antibacterial, Optical, Structural, and AC Conductivity Characteristics of Lithium-Doped Barium Zinc Borate Glasses for Multiple Applications

Abstract An Li2O-incorporated bioactive glass system of chemical composition xLi2O-10BaO-10ZnO-(80-x)B2O3 with x=0-20mol% was synthesized by melt-quench route. Non-crystalline behaviour was confirmed with X-ray diffraction spectra. The antibacterial zone of inhibitions increased with Li2O incorporation. Experimental densities increased with Li2O molar content and molar volume decreased. UV-Optical absorption spectra confirmed a cut-off wave length (λc) increasing trend by NBOs. Indirect band gap decreased, direct band gap decreased, and Urbach energy increased with Li2O addition. The refractive index of the glass system also increased. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy studies confirmed the structural variations and existence of metal-oxides in the glass matrix. The AC conductivity increased with frequency, temperature, and also Li2O content by almost three orders of magnitude. The findings of higher order conductivity (10-3Ω-1cm-1), improvement in the zone of inhibitions upto 15 mm against E.Coli., and 14 mm against Salmonella; higher value of refractive index (n>2) confirms the multiple applications of these glasses.

Investigating the effects of Mn content on the morphology and dielectric properties of CdS nanoparticles

CdS nanoparticles doped with Mn were synthesized by chemical precipitation using varying concentrations of Mn at Cd1-xMnxS, where (x) = 0.00, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07. The samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray techniques (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, dielectric properties, and AC conductivity measurements. SEM micrograph shows that pure CdS nanomaterial has agglomerates primarily composed of nanoparticles, whereas the sample with a concentration of 0.03 contains smaller particles. In response to the phonon confinement effect, The Raman spectra of CdS nanoparticles exhibited peaks at 303 cm−1 and 603 cm−1. In contrast, the Raman spectra of Mn:CdS nanocomposites displayed a prominent fundamental mode at 301 cm−1 and a less pronounced overtone mode at 601 cm−1. The dielectric properties and the AC conductivity of CdS have been investigated over a wide frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz and at a variety of temperatures ranging from 298 to 423K. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant (εʹ, εʹʹ), the electric modulus, and AC conductivity of CdS were found to depend on Mn content at different temperatures.

Development of High-Performance Polyindole/Silicon Carbide Nanocomposites for Optoelectrical and Sensing Applications.

In this study, silicon carbide (SiC)-reinforced polyindole (PIn) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple in situ polymerization method. The successful reinforcement of the nanofiller within the host matrix was characterized using different analytical techniques. The chemical bonding of SiC in the polymer was identified by the characteristic peak around 800 cm1 using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The increment in intensity of the absorption and enhanced crystallinity of the samples upon the addition of nanofillers were analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The prepared specimens showed reduced optical bandgap energy (3.188 eV) and Urbach energy (2.315 meV) with an improved refractive index (2.348). The effect of nanoparticles on the surface morphology of the nanocomposites was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a uniform dispersion of fillers in the matrix was found for PInSiC7. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) revealed the shape and average particle size of the sample. X-ray electron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite by exhibiting the presence of all elements in the corresponding spectra. The thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites were significantly improved with the addition of SiC. The temperature-dependent AC conductivity, dielectric parameters, complex impedance, and electrical modulus were also evaluated using an impedance analyzer. The increased electrical characteristics of the PInSiC7 sample can be attributed to the uniform spread and strong synergetic interaction of SiC with PIn. The results thus showcased the potential of the samples for use in optical and energy storage applications. This study was also extended to understand the ammonia sensing properties, which make it possible to design and develop gas sensors using the PInSiC nanocomposites.

Reinforced PEO/Cs polymers blend with Al2O3/TiO2 hybrid nanofillers: Nanocomposites for optoelectronics and energy storage

This work focuses on the meticulous preparation and characterization of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/chitosan (Cs) polymer blends infused with aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) and sol-gel synthesized titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Employing the casting method, the study delves into a comprehensive analysis of the structural, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties exhibited by the resulting PEO/Cs-Al2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites. Structural evaluations utilized transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). UV–Vis spectra showed enhanced optical properties, with the indirect optical energy gap decreasing from 5.23 eV to 5.01 eV for blends with 2.4 wt% Al2O3/TiO2 NPs. The AC conductivity of the polymeric nanocomposites showed enhanced values compared with the pure blend. Additionally, dielectric permittivity and modulus exhibit tunability, presenting advantageous prospects with varying Al2O3/TiO2 NPs concentrations in the PEO/Cs blend. The Nyquist plots reveal distinctive features, including semicircular arcs at the low-frequency part and an inclined spike at the high-frequency part, with decreasing arc radius corresponding to increasing nanofiller contents. These observations are best fitted to two models of equivalent circuits. The engineered PEO/Cs-Al2O3/TiO2 nanocomposite capacitor showed enhanced storage capacity and controlled conductance characteristics. The findings of this study revealed that these nanocomposites hold promise as bandgap tuners, optical sensors, permittivity-tunable nanodielectrics, and novel host matrices for the development of solid polymer flexible electrolytes, thereby contributing to the next generation of energy storage and conversion devices with superior performance.

Doped holographic superconductors in the Gubser–Rocha model

We construct a doped holographic superconductor in the Gubser–Rocha model, and realize a superconducting dome in the middle of the temperature-doping phase diagram. It is worth noting that unlike in previous research, the profile of our dome shrinks inward near to zero temperature. From the numerical observation for the coupling dependence of the phase diagram, we find that the coupling between the two gauge fields plays a crucial role in the formation of the dome. We also analytically calculate the DC conductivity of the normal phase of the system in the momentum dissipation and obtain resistivity which is proportional to the temperature. The AC conductivity is calculated numerically.

Investigation on structural, optical, thermal, and dielectric properties of cellulose propionate/styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer/molybdenum nanocomposite prepared by pulsed laser ablation

Polymer nanocomposite films of cellulose propionate/styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer/molybdenum (CP/SMAC/Mo) were fabricated by pulsed laser ablation of Mo in the polymer solution for 10, 20, and 30 min. The films were then characterized by various analytical methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the addition of Mo to CP/SMAC removed the crystalline peaks of Mo without changing the amorphous nature of the copolymer. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) patterns, Mo atoms were trapped in the amorphous polymer stacks. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum features C, O, and Mo. FTIR confirmed the embedding of Mo in the polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were carried out on the samples. The pristine polymer film exhibited a band gap energy of 2.9 eV, which decreased to 2.05 eV because of the loading of the Mo nanoparticles. The intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) peak of the films increases with ablation time such that the absorption intensity of the film at a λmax of 426 nm increases by trifold during the 30 minutes of irradiation, which is consequently due to the increased amount of Mo in the nanostructure. The incorporation of Mo in the polymer matrix enhances the dielectric constant (ε') (6.28-18.13) and ac conductivity (σac) (3.19 × 10−5-1.12 × 10−4 S/cm) of the polymer with negligible dielectric loss. The results suggest possible technological utilization of these materials in such applications as supercapacitors, light-emitting diodes, and organic optoelectronic devices, among others.

A study on the complex dielectric (ε*)/electric-modulus (M*)/impedance (Z*), tangent-loss (tanδ), and ac conductivity (σac) of the Al/(S:DLC)/p-Si/Au (MIS)-type Schottky structures in a wide range of frequency and voltage at room temperature (RT)

In this work, the Al/(S:DLC)/p-Si/Au Schottky structures were fabricated, and the real and imaginary parts of complex-permittivity (ε*), complex electric-modulus (M*), complex-impedance (Z*), loss-tangent (δ), electrical-conductivity (σac), and phase-angle (θ) were investigated in the wide-frequency-range of 2 kHz-2 MHz between -3.0V/4.0V. All these- factors were found to be heavily dependent on frequency and voltage because of the surface states (Nss), Maxwell-Wagner polarization, and interlayer. The voltage-dependent profile of tanδ and M'' exhibits a significant shift in peak location towards forward-bias voltages as frequency increases due to the relaxation process of the Nss and dipole polarization. The ε' was found to be 571.81 (at 2 kHz) and 59.72 (at 1 MHz). The value of ε', even at 2 kHz, is about 151.5 times higher than the maximum value of traditional SiO2 (3.8) insulators, and hence, it can be successfully used instead of insulators to store more electric charges or energy.

Optoelectronic properties of fluorine and antimony-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles.

Nano-sized tin dioxide SnO2 (TO) has garnered great potential for use in optoelectronic applications, gas sensors, and solar cell technology thanks to its unique properties. These properties can be further enhanced by altering dopants and crystallinity. To achieve these aims, we successfully synthesized nanoparticles of fluorine (F) and antimony (Sb) doped tin dioxide by using a modified sol-gel method. The synthesis process involved supercritical drying of ethyl alcohol. The effect of doping on TO sample microstructure, optical and electrical properties was studied, which is crucial to understanding its potential applications. The X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the nanoparticles crystallized in the tetragonal rutile structure with a size varying from 22 to 25 nm depending on element doping. The structural analysis was further proved by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR investigations. The optical band gap energy decreases upon the doping, as evidenced by the Eg values of 3.88, 3.87, and 3.72 eV corresponding to TO, FTO, and ATO respectively. This result proves that our compounds are good candidates for optoelectronic applications. Further, the electrical properties proved the semiconductor behavior for all the samples. Its conductivity is thermally activated, with a decrease in activation energy observed upon the addition of dopants. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the exponents’s’of the (ac) conductivity proves that the conduction mechanism varies with dopants. The decrease of s values for undoped and FTO samples revealed a dominant correlated barrier hopping, while the increase of ‘s’ for ATO confirmed the tunneling hopping mechanism. Furthermore, the representation of real and imaginary parts of impedance has also been analyzed. Thus, the obtained results open exciting opportunities for using these samples in many fields that foster the combination of optical and electrical properties.

Preparation of Three Component PVDF‐Bi4V2O11‐SDS Composites with Enhanced Dielectric and Electrical Properties

AbstractIn this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐bismuth vanadate (Bi4V2O11; BVO)‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) composite films are fabricated by the solution casting method. The frequency dependence of the dielectric and electric performances of the resultant PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites on various weight percentages of SDS contents is investigated. The results demonstrate that the three‐component PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites have a superior dielectric constant (96) and suppressed dielectric loss (<1) at 102 Hz for 20 wt% of SDS contents. The surface morphology of the PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites shows that SDS is successfully reinforced on the PVDF‐BVO matrix with better homogeneity. The ac conductivity of the PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites is also improved, which is helpful for the enhancement of the dielectric constant and relatively low loss in the composites. Moreover, the PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composite also exhibits a larger value of the dielectric constant (96) than the pristine PVDF matrix, which is 15 times higher than that of the pristine one. These significantly enhanced dielectric and electrical characteristics of PVDF‐BVO‐SDS composites will fulfill the practical criteria for their use in high dielectric‐constant capacitors and energy storage devices.

Investigating and characterizing electrical properties of polypyrrole/SiO2/FePS3 nanocomposite

AbstractNovel nanocomposites of polypyrrole (PPy) embedded in silica (SiO2) and iron phosphorus trisulphide (FePS3) nanoparticles have been fabricated. The nanocomposite's dielectric characteristics have been examined in relation to temperature ranges of 25–200°C and frequency ranges of 0.1–7 MHz. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM–EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and dielectric measurements have all been used to evaluate the prepared nanocomposite. The monoclinic crystal structure of the prepared FePS3 and PPy/SiO2/FePS3 nanocomposite is confirmed by XRD, EDX, and TEM studies. The FePS3 is perfectly layered structure in the SEM image, and FePS3 and SiO2 particles are well intercalated, creating novel nanocomposites of two nanoparticle phases that served as a union network during the polymerization process. The IR spectrum shows that PPy is a dopant in the interlayer area of FePS3. The splitting major peak (570 cm−1) of FePS3 is visible at around 640 and 560 cm−1. The high AC conductivity values indicated that the combination of FePS3/SiO2 nano‐matrix contains PPy at high packing densities and confirming the semiconducting properties of the nanocomposite to be used in several electronic applications.

Structural and Electrical Properties of Li Substituted Mg Nano Ferrites: Prepared by Citrate-gel Auto Combustion Method

LixMg1−xFe2O4 where x=0.0to0.5with0.1 nano ferrites were synthesized by citrate gel auto combustion. Using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the X-ray diffraction technique, their structural and topographical studies were examined. The prepared nano ferrites’ single-phase cubic spinel along the Fd3m space group is confirmed by the structural investigation. The synthesized samples were found to have a crystalline size of 20–26 nm, as determined by the Debye–Scherrer formula. Lattice parameter variation observed for the samples indicates dopant atoms into a crystal lattice can also lead to changes in the lattice constant. FE-SEM images revealed the clear grain and grain boundaries with agglomerated structure and it varied between 33.6 nm-24.4 nm. Two bands observed in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy illustrates the M-O band in tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Dielectric parameters of the sample observed by LCR meter. Single semicircle behavior observed in impedance spectra. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased as increasing frequency explained by Koop’s theory of mechanism. AC conductivity increasing trend observed with frequency, mobility of charge carrier active at high frequency domain.

Optical and transport properties of plasma mixtures from ab initio molecular dynamics

Predicting the charged particle transport properties of warm dense matter/hot dense plasma mixtures is a challenge for analytical models. High accuracy ab initio methods are more computationally expensive, but can provide critical insight by explicitly simulating mixtures. In this work, we investigate the transport properties and optical response of warm dense carbon–hydrogen mixtures at varying concentrations under either conserved electronic pressure or mass density at a constant temperature. We compare options for mixing the calculated pure species properties to estimate the results of the mixtures. We find that a combination of the Drude model with the Matthiessen's rule works well for DC electron transport and low-frequency optical response. This breaks down at higher frequencies, where a volumetric mix of pure-species AC conductivities works better.

Dielectric and Electrical Behavior of Apraseodymium Based Tungsten Bronze Ceramics

AbstractThe ceramic oxide Na2Ba2Pr2W2Ti4Nb4O30 (NBPWTN) is prepared by a mechanical mixed oxide route. The compound formation and the phase are concluded from the x‐ray diffraction pattern taken at room temperature (XRD). The uniform distribution of grains of various sizes with negligible voids is studied from scanning electron micrograph of the sample pellet. The presence of dielectric dispersion and ferroelectric phase in the material is observed from the temperature‐dependent dielectric parameters at selected frequencies. The existence of ferroelectricity in the material is further confirmed by the room temperature hysteresis loop. Impedance spectroscopic studies informed about the correlation between the microstructure and electrical behavior. The frequency variation of AC conductivity refers to Jonscher's law. The temperature variation of frequency exponent term n indicates OLPT (overlapping large polaron‐tunneling) model of the conduction mechanism in the sample. NBPWTN is a strong candidate for applications involving thermistor‐related devices because of the temperature dependency of resistance. The value of temperature sensitivity coefficient β in our investigation is achieved between 2000 and 11 000 K, confirming that the material has a high‐temperature stability property and is ideal for high‐temperature electronics applications. The high room temperature dielectric constant value of the ceramic (around 500) is useful for dielectric capacitor applications.

Effect of Al substitution on the magnetic, optical and electronic properties of KBiFe2O5 brownmillerite

Effect of Al substitution on the magnetic, optical and electronic properties of KBiFe2O5 brownmillerite

Structural and temperature dependent dielectric behaviour of BxFe(3−x)O4 nanoferrite particles

AbstractThe auto‐combustion technique was employed to synthesize nano particles of BxFe(3−x)O4 (x = 0.0, 0.7, 1.18, 1.36 and 1.54). The resulting structural and dielectric properties of the boron doped Fe3O4 were evaluated. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a single spinel structure with crystallite dimensions ranging from 21.18 to 26.43 nm and lattice parameters of 8.211 to 8.487 Ǻ. The morphological images revealed homogenous and spherical grain sizes, while EDX confirmed the presence of constituent elements used. The X‐ray density increased whereas the bulk density and the porosity decreased with boron substitution. The study of dielectric properties and AC conductivity (σAC) was demonstrated and the AC conductivity decreased with increasing boron concentration, indicating a hopping mechanism. Moreover, noticeable variations in dielectric loss, AC conductivity, and dielectric permittivity with temperature and frequency were observed. These observations were attributed to the Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and the hopping of charges between Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions.

Synthesis, structural, optical, dielectric, magnetic and magneto-dielectric properties of CoFe2O4 and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) decorated CoFe2O4 hybrid nanocomposite

A sol-gel synthesis method was used for the synthesis of pure CoFe2O4 (CFO) as well as Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) decorated CoFe2O4 Hybrid Nanocomposite (GCHN). From X-ray diffraction (XRD) data it was analyzed that both these samples have a cubic structure with Fd-3m space group. Using Debye-Scherer's equation, the average sizes were determined to be 24.48 and 13.74 nm, respectively. FTIR spectra revealed details about vibration bands and functional groups present. Raman spectra confirmed existence of GQDs in GCHN with an ID/IG ratio of ∼0.8. The results of Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis exhibited microstructural morphological details having shapes of grains to be non-uniform in shape. UV–visible data was used to calculate band gap (Eg) energy by using Tauc plot method and found to be 2.52 eV and 2.99 eV respectively for CFO and GCHN. Urbach energy (EU) was found to be 1.03 and 1.19 eV for CFO and GCHN respectively. The dielectric properties of GCHN were analyzed for dependence on frequency and temperature and explained by Maxwell-Wagner-type polarization. The frequency-dependent ac conductivity (σac) followed Jonscher's power law and investigated dynamics of ion hopping. Impedance spectroscopy was used to further evaluate Nyquist plots with respect to temperature as well as magnetic fields to estimate grain and grain boundary contributions. This was further used to evaluate electrical characteristics such as relaxation time (τ). Activation energies (Ea) calculated using relaxation times were found to be 0.48 eV for CFO while 0.22 and 0.92 eV for GCHN respectively. At room temperature, CFO and GCHN exhibited a strong magneto-dielectric coupling (MD) and showed negative magneto-dielectric properties in low-frequency regions. At room temperature (RT), magnetization values of CFO and GCHN displayed were 38.48 and 7.52 emu/g respectively. The lower magnetization value was possibly due to shielding by GQDs in GCHN. These properties enable it to be used as a potential application in microelectronic systems, spintronics, optical and optoelectronic devices, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and memory devices.

Influence of Sb doping on thermal properties and electrical conductivity mechanism of SbxSe50–xSn20Te30 chalcogenide glassy systems

Tunability of thermal, and electrical characteristics of SbxSe50-xSn20Te30 (x = 2, 4, 6, and 8 at. %) bulk glass systems with varying doping concentrations are the major objective of this study. The melt quenching technique has been employed to synthesize the samples. Various thermal parameters have been inspected by using DSC measurements. The effect of Sb addition on the glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), peak crystallization temperature (Tp), and melting temperature (Tm) have been observed from DSC thermograms. The dependence of Tg, Tc, Tp, and Tm on the heating rate has been measured. The thermal analysis is performed under non-isothermal conditions at heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min. The activation energies for the glass transition temperature are estimated by using the Kissinger method and are found to decrease from (211.21-168.85) KJ.mol−1. Thermal stability and glass forming ability for all glassy compositions have been examined in terms of Hruby's parameter. In addition, electrical conductivity mechanisms over vast temperature and frequency ranges are analyzed. The DC conductivity mechanism has been analyzed by deploying Mott and Greaves's variable range hopping model, while the AC conductivity mechanism has been analyzed by deploying the modified correlated barrier hopping model. AC conductivity scaling property has been examined by using the Pan and Ghosh model. The influence of Sb addition has been observed as the DC and AC conductivity increases with the increase of doping concentration.

Exploring Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Ni and Co Ferrites through Biopolymer Composite Films

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of chitosan/gelatine films incorporating nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour, making them attractive for various applications, including biomedical uses. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of NiFe2O4 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, and the scanning electron micrographs illustrated well-dispersed ferrite nanoparticles within the biopolymer network, despite the formation of some aggregates attributed to magnetic interactions. Magnetization loops revealed lower saturation magnetization values for the composites, attributed to the chitosan/gelatine coating and the dielectric studies, indicating increased dielectric losses in the presence of ferrites, particularly pronounced in the case of NiFe2O4, suggesting interactions at the interface region between the polymer and ferrite particles. The AC conductivity shows almost linear frequency dependence, associated with proton polarization and conduction processes, more significant at higher temperatures for samples with ferrite particles.